The Ecosystem Service Provision Index as a generic indicator of ecosystem service supply for monitoring conservation targets

At present, most governments, particularly in low and middle-income countries, are not effectively using ecosystem services (ES) indicators for conservation monitoring, which is part due to the complexity of current indicators. This study seeks contribute this implementation gap by illustrating performance a remote sensing based indicator, Ecosystem Services Provision Index (ESPI) (based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), as feasible indicator monitoring ES supply. We examined ESPI’s analyzing its spatial congruence (regression cluster analysis) with four type-specific indicators, namely timber provision, forage opportunities recreation water regulation, different types temperate native forests, non-native tree plantations, shrublands grasslands, within southern district Chile. additionally compared values ESPI across land uses covers means ANOVA Tuckey test (post-hoc). The regression analysis showed medium fitting linear non-linear variations ESPI. Unexplained variation can arise from dispersion sources: a) uncaptured specific flow their corresponding (specific ESPI), b) distances between parametric ESPI, c) mismatches scales resolutions. Cluster ESPI-ES hotspot 62% followed bundle (56%), (38%), supply (36%) provision (32%). regulation were significantly higher old growth forests. Our contributes establish what extent be used proxy supply, relevant adoption these outcomes when available or they lack necessary temporal coverage.